Transformational leadership has become a critical focus in the educational landscape due to its potential to inspire teachers and improve student outcomes. This paper investigates the role of transformational leadership in fostering teacher motivation and enhancing student achievement. Drawing on both theoretical perspectives and empirical studies, this research examines how transformational leadership practices-characterized by vision, inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration-impact teacher job satisfaction, motivation, and professional growth, ultimately leading to improved student outcomes. The study concludes with implications for policy, practice, and future research directions in educational leadership.

Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Teacher Motivation, Student Outcomes, Educational Leadership, Professional Growth.

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This study sought to determine the level of awareness of priests in Central Philippines in their familiarity with Church documents on Basic Ecclesial Community (BEC), BEC Spirituality, and BEC Organizing, aimed at enhancing the seminary curriculum centered on the context of the recipients of their mission. The data used were obtained using a validated and reliability-tested researcher-made questionnaire. Statistical analysis used were the mean and standard deviation for descriptive problems and t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Product Moment of Correlation for inferential problems. The findings reveal that the priests were very aware of the BEC. However, the result of the combined dioceses yielded a high level of awareness in BEC spirituality while awareness in organizing BEC was lowest. These results prompted the researcher to recommend enhancing the seminary curriculum as well as the on-going education of priests that would bring about BEC awareness in all 3 aspects.

Keywords: Identical Elements, Basic Ecclesial Community, BEC Organizing, BEC Spirituality, Seminary Education, Clergy On-going Formation.

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This study explores the influence of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and organizational agility on career outcomes among students in higher education institutions in Jiangxi, China. As the education sector continues to integrate digital transformation strategies, CRM systems and institutional agility have emerged as crucial factors in shaping student career readiness and employment success. This research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to analyze the impact of CRM implementation and agility on career outcomes. Findings suggest that a well-structured CRM framework enhances institutional responsiveness and student support, while organizational agility fosters adaptability to labor market changes, collectively improving graduate employability.

Keywords: CRM, Organizational Agility, Career Outcomes, Higher Education, Jiangxi Universities.

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In an increasingly interconnected global economy, regulatory arbitrage and cross-border legal complexities present significant challenges for businesses, policymakers, and financial institutions. Regulatory arbitrage occurs when corporations exploit differences in legal and regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions to minimize compliance costs or gain a competitive advantage. While this practice can enhance business efficiency and profitability, it also raises concerns about financial stability, regulatory enforcement, and fair market competition. Cross-border legal complexities further complicate regulatory compliance, as companies must navigate varying legal systems, conflicting regulations, and jurisdictional disputes. Issues such as tax avoidance, financial regulations, and data privacy laws highlight the difficulties of harmonizing international regulatory frameworks. This study explores the implications of regulatory arbitrage, examines case studies of multinational corporations leveraging jurisdictional gaps, and evaluates potential solutions for policymakers and regulators. Strengthening international cooperation, harmonizing legal frameworks, and enhancing enforcement mechanisms are essential strategies to address these challenges and ensure a more equitable global regulatory environment.

Keywords: Regulatory Arbitrage, Cross-Border Regulations, Legal Complexities, Jurisdictional Disputes, Financial Regulation, Tax Avoidance, Compliance Strategies, International Law, Policy Harmonization, Corporate Governance.

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This study investigates the impact of career planning programs on graduate employability, with a comparative analysis of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and non-STEM disciplines. The research examines how structured career planning interventions, including career counseling, internships, mentorship programs, and employability workshops, influence job market success. By analyzing employment rates, job satisfaction, and career progression, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of career planning programs in equipping graduates with the necessary skills to transition into the workforce. The findings contribute to the growing discourse on employability strategies and provide recommendations for policymakers, educators, and institutions to enhance career readiness across diverse academic disciplines.

Keywords: Career Planning, Employability, STEM, Non-STEM, Higher Education, Career Counseling, Workforce Development.

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The representation of gender roles and societal norms in English literature has played a significant role in shaping cultural perceptions and attitudes toward masculinity, femininity, and gender identity. Over the centuries, literary works have both reinforced and challenged traditional gender constructs, reflecting the evolving dynamics of power, identity, and social expectations. This study examines how English literature has depicted gender roles across different historical periods, from Shakespearean drama and Victorian novels to modern feminist and postcolonial narratives. By analyzing key literary texts, this research explores how literature has contributed to the reinforcement of patriarchal structures, the subversion of gender expectations, and the emergence of feminist and queer perspectives. It also highlights the intersectionality of gender with class, race, and sexuality, demonstrating how literature has served as a mirror of societal changes. This study further investigates narrative techniques, character development, and thematic concerns that authors have employed to critique or sustain gender norms. The research aims to provide a critical perspective on gender representation in English literature, illustrating how literary works have influenced and reflected social discourse on gender roles. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of literature in challenging stereotypes, promoting gender equality, and fostering a deeper understanding of identity and diversity in contemporary society.

Keywords: Gender Roles in Literature, Societal Norms, Masculinity and Femininity in English Literature, Literary Depictions of Gender Identity.

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Apart from the daily pressures of work, studies have shown that teachers are more likely to suffer from mental health problems such as anxiety and depression than people in other professions. Explanatory-sequential mixed method was used to find out the ways of teachers in overcoming challenges in the new normal of education in relation to their demographic profile, level of mental health and challenges encountered. Specifically, this study was concerned whether there is a significant difference between the level of mental health in terms of psychological distress, psychological wellbeing, and demographic profile of teachers. Quantitative analysis revealed that the level of mental health in terms of psychological distress has significant differences on age of the respondents. Loss of behavioral or emotion control differed significantly among the subject handled of the respondents. Also, the level of mental health in terms of psychological well-being with its variables such as general positive affect and emotional ties have significant differences on age of the respondents. Moreover, the challenges encountered by the senior high school teachers in the New Normal of Education in terms of classroom management, training, resources, technical skills, and communication is evidently connected to student, training, availability, and teacher concerns. On the other hand, the ways of senior high school teachers in overcoming the challenges in the New Normal of Education is evidently attached to internal and external concerns. External concern represented as social support and internal concern refers to self-support. Based on the integration of quantitative and qualitative results for mental health subscales and overcoming the challenges in the new normal, a Psychosocial Support Program was proposed to adhere the mental health standards in the new normal set up and even beyond.

Keywords: Mental Health, Teacher, Education, Psychological.

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This research endeavors to provide an in-depth examination of Vice President Sara Duterte’s speech, elucidating the underlying linguistic features, discursive strategies, and social ideologies implications embedded within it.

The main objective of the study is to analyze VP Sarah Duterte’s speech on the launch of MATATAG curriculum delivered on August 10, 2023 through Critical Discourse Analysis. Moreover, it aims to study how discourse analysis could be used and applied in analyzing a speech comprising the textual, discourse, and social dimensions.

Keywords: MATATAG, CDA, Curriculum, Educational.

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The primary aim of the study was to assess the relationship between political skills and social justice orientation. This study made use of the descriptive-correlational method of research which utilized standardized questionnaires as primary data gathering technique. The respondents of the study involved 182 secondary teachers in the Schools Division Office of the City of Malolos during the school year 2022-2023.  The results were processed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS), and the data were presented using appropriate tables and texts. The results were analyzed and interpreted using statistical tests such as weighted mean procedures on determining the level of political skills and social justice orientation, and Pearson R correlation analysis to determine the relationship between political skills and social justice orientation.  The level of political skills got a skillful rating as evidenced by 3.09 overall mean percentage score. The level of teachers’ social justice orientation got an oriented rating as evidenced by 3.23 overall mean percentage score. There is significant relationship between the political skills of the teachers and their social justice orientation. A proposed development program was proposed based on the findings of the study especially for networking ability and efficacy for political skills and for social justice orientation, respectively. Findings mean that teachers who possess strong political skills are more likely to actively support and work towards social justice goals. These individuals are equipped with the knowledge, abilities, and strategies necessary to navigate political systems, advocate for change, and influence policies in favor of social justice.

Keywords: Political Skills, Social Justice, Teachers, School.

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The Marathas have played a pivotal role in shaping India’s socio-political and cultural history, leaving an indelible mark on the nation’s identity. Rising to prominence under the leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in the 17th century, the Marathas established a vast empire characterized by decentralized governance, administrative reforms, and military prowess. This study explores the multifaceted contributions of the Marathas, from their resistance to Mughal domination to their influence on colonial and post-independence India. It delves into their administrative innovations, promotion of regional languages and literature, and the fostering of cultural resilience. The research also highlights how Maratha leadership championed the values of inclusivity, regional autonomy, and self-determination, which resonate in contemporary Indian polity. By examining the socio-political strategies and cultural legacy of the Marathas, this study underscores their enduring influence on India’s historical trajectory.

Keywords: Marathas, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Socio-Political History, Cultural Legacy, Decentralized Governance, Regional Identity, Mughal Resistance, Indian Polity, Administrative Reforms, Indian History.

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